Relationship Between Mind And The Brain - 1270 Words

What is the relationship between mind and matter? Is there a relationship between consciousness and the brain? A philosopher named Rene Descartes asked these questions in the seventeenth century. The mind-body problem contains a variety of approaches that normally fall under dualism or monism. The dualist maintains a distinct separation between the mind and body. The two main forms of dualism are property dualism and substance dualism. The property dualist believes there is only one kind of substance that is physical, which contains two distinct properties: physical property and mental property. The substance dualist’s view claims there are two varieties of substances that comprise of the physical and the mental; monism argues that there is simply a single substance that can explain everything. Monism comes in many forms, but the main claim known as physicalism, states that everything is physical. This single substance view is opposed to dualism. The dualist and physicalist ha ve a long-standing feud regarding the mind and body. Before we can properly debate the mind-body problem, we must properly define what is physical. In this essay, I will argue that we cannot define what is physical. I will demonstrate this by analyzing Barbara Montero’s essay called the Body Problem. I will explain the â€Å"body problem† , the problem(s) that arise from Hempal’s dilemma, and finally conclude that we should be more concerned if the mind is non-mental. In The Body Problem, Montero isShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between The Mind And The Brain1934 Words   |  8 PagesWhen philosophically analyzing the relationship between the mind and the brain, one must take into consideration all sides of the argument. The mind-body problem exemplifies how mental states are related to physical states assuming that the mind is a non-physical entity while the human body is strictly physical. What is the relationship between the mind and the brain and how is this used to explain all human thoughts, behaviors, and actions? A physicalist, such as David Armstrong, would claim thatRead MoreThe Mind And The Brain1053 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference in the mind and the brain? These genius minds have searched without sleep trying to figure out this question, but, the puzzles behind our consciousness remain unsolved and unreachable. Philosophers such as Peter Carruthers argue that the mind is the brain and that objections like those made by, philosopher, Frank Jackson, are based on a â€Å"conflation of know-how with knowing-that. Again, we are left with the question of whether or not the mind is the brain or if the mind is a completely separateRead MoreMind-Body Connection Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesMind-Body Connection and how it Affects Learning James Webb Coll100 American Military University Corey Tutor Mind-Body Connection and how it Affects Learning The mind–body connection examines the relationship between mind and matter, and in particular the relationship between consciousness and the brain. Many throughout history have often wondered what causes the connection between the mental portion of the mind and the physical state of the body. A variety of different topics have beenRead MoreThe Theory And Identity Theory, And Deal With The Multiple Realisability Argument1690 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies, still, a definitive solution is yet to be found that universally satisfies the problem of mind brain identity. The most logical answer comes in the form of monism. Therefore in this paper I will argue that the mind and the brain are identical, as the mind exists only as a property of the brain. David Lewis and D.M Armstrong give support for the causal relationship between mind and brain states in the form of the identity theory, and deal with the multiple realisability argument providedRead MorePsychology : Mind Body Proble m898 Words   |  4 PagesTopic 1 Mind body problem tries to explain the states of the minds, occurrence of events, and action of processes. For instance, thinking is related to other processes and events of the mind. The fact that the mind is not physical in nature and the body is physical attests to this explanation. Mind body problem relate to some of the scientific concepts in different kind of ways. The relationship between the mind body problem and the concepts of neurophysiology, psychophysics and theory of evolutionRead MorePhilosophy Of Rene Descartes860 Words   |  4 Pagesstems another critical part of his philosophy which states that the mind and the body are two separate substances. This concept is called dualism. Minds are indestructible and indivisible. Bodies are destructible and divisible (Searle, 2004). Descartes claims that the mind and the body are connected in the sense that the body is an extension of the mind. Moreover, the reduction of consciousness to a bodily state is impossible. The mind, according Descartes, is able to exist on its, own separate fromRead MoreRene Descartes (1596-1650), A Philosopher Of The 17Th Century,878 Words   |  4 Pagesof the mind-body interaction. Descartes found life to be too distracting and began to obtain a reputation of a wanderer, requiring â€Å"peace and quiet†(30) for his studies. Descartes’s perception of the mind-body interaction was far from conventional; however, became accepted by many scientists of his time. Descartes’s view of the mind body interaction is supported by other researchers of his day who studied the brain, nerves, and the senses. Scholars have argued for years about how the mind could possiblyRead MoreRelationship Between Mind And Body929 Words   |  4 PagesIn philosophy, Mind–body dualism is any theory that states that the mind and body are two distinct kinds of substances or natures. The problem of the relationship of the mind to body arose from the works of Renà © Descartes, a French philosopher and mathematician of the 17th-century who gave dualism its classical formulation or made it to be what it is today. Conceived from his famous â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum† (Latin) meaning â€Å"I think, therefore I am,† he developed a theory of the mind as a nontangible andRead MoreThe Mind-Body Problem Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mind-Body Problem The mind-body problem, which is still debated even today, raises the question about the relationship between the mind and the body. Theorists, such as Renà © Descartes and Thomas Nagel, have written extensively on the problem but they have many dissenting beliefs. Descartes, a dualist, contends that the mind and body are two different substances that can exist separately. Conversely, Nagel, a dual aspect theorist, contends that the mind and body are not substances but differentRead MoreMind And Its Relationship With The Mind1366 Words   |  6 PagesMind and Its Relation to the Brain How to define minds has always been a challenge for the â€Å"lovers of wisdom† since the advent of modern philosophy. The mind is arduous to define because it is incorporeal and the only person knowing its existence is its owner. That is; the mind differs from those familiar physical stuffs which can easily be defined in terms of their characteristics. Facing the thorny problem, the debate between dualists and physicalists about the nature of mind and its relationship

Crocodile Dundee Movie Poster Analysis - 917 Words

The stylised poster of Crocodile Dundee constructs the identity of Australian men as being brave, gritty morally bound macho men who fill the roles of being the protectors of women and conquerors of the universe as man has always been. Paul Hogan is the central focus who represents the supposedly typical Australian man. Linda Kozlowski plays the supporting element in which she is the link between the rest of the world and Australia. The city skyline is the final element which brings the poster together for an immediate understanding for the viewer because it acts as a framing device for the couple. From a modernist point of view in a post-feminist era, viewers can agree with its ideas and Australians especially enjoy our depiction of a†¦show more content†¦The parted lips and wide eyes show fear and dependence and this idea is affirmed by her hand pulling on Paul’s vest. The woman’s construction may prompt viewers to feel New York City women are in need of men with such values as Australian men to protect them. It confirms the idea that New York City is dangerous, full of sexual predators who find pleasure in harassing women such as Linda. Viewers may also feel disrespect towards her because she’s being a product of society’s desire for a sex symbol and not an individual; she must conform to fit in and so it is her fault if she is harassed and tampered with. The buildings make up the foreground but are minimized, compared to the size of the two figures. This shows insignificance of New York City to Paul Hogan and that city wealth and power are trivial matters to Australians who live off the natural land. New York City itself is portrayed as being a dangerous and ruthless city. Three well spaced sharp spires on the buildings symbolise the aggression and rivalry that exists between New York City goers. The shadows in between the buildings might symbolise an underworld environment, a criminal world where there is illegal and seedy activity going on. The many different shapes and sizes show the complexity of the city and how it is a difficult place to survive in. The golden aura around the buildings however representsShow MoreRelatedAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagesthere are numbers with negative connotations abroad, presenting or packaging products in those numbers when advertising should be avoide d. Images are also culturally sensitive. Whereas it is common to see pictures of women in bikinis on advertising posters on the streets of London, such images would cause outrage in the Middle East. Cultural Values in Cross Cultural Advertising When advertising abroad, the cultural values underpinning the society must be analysed carefully. Is there a religion

Critical Ethnic Awareness and Social Support

Question: Discuss about the Critical Ethnic Awareness and Social Support. Answer: Introduction: The movie Crash(2004) incorporates the interaction of people from different ethnicities in the US. Paul Haggis, the movie director aims at highlighting the existing beliefs, assumptions, values and biases within these groups and the need to embrace each other. One of the taken-for-granted assumptions is the belief that African Americans are criminals and/or take part in criminal activities. In the movie, Peter-a Black is shot dead by Hansen who is a white cop because the later assumed that the Black was drawing a gun. Another bias seen in the movie is the assumption that Arabs and Persians are likely to be terrorists (Sreenivasan, 2015). This is seen where Farrad-a Persian American is called Osama by a gun store owner and escorted out by the security guard. The Koran Chon Gui, a human trafficker is used to bring out the assumption that African Americans will always collaborate in a crime as long as they are paid(Turan, 2006). This is after Anthony, a Black is offered $500 for every Cambodian in the Koreans van but instead refuses. Disgusted, Anthony lets them free in Chinatown part of Los Angeles. Jean Cabot brings out the mistrust between some whites and Hispanic Americans by assuming that Daniel, a Hispanic locksmith could make copies of their door keys and give them to his gang. She beliefs Hispanics are dangerous and members of gangs. The Persian, Farhad, believes that Hispanic Americans are cheaters despite Daniel showing him the need to repair the store-door frame. He assumes that Daniel was part of the gang that robbed his store, out of stereotypical assumptions. Oppressed Groups The movie Crash(2004) presents different situations where a number of groups of people are oppressed by others in Los Angeles, despite them being not only American citizens but also right-holders to nondiscriminatory treatment. The first group that is oppressed include the Hispanics who are part of the minority groups in the US. Daniel a Hispanic locksmith is disturbed and annoyed after he overhears Jean Cabot, wife to the District Attorney say that he could give copies of their door keys to the gang banger friends". The locksmith feels discriminated and leaves the keys in the Cabots kitchen as he goes.This brings out a -irrational assumption that Hispanics have gangs and cannot be trusted. In another incident where this stereotype on Hispanics appears is where Farhad insults Daniel and calls him a cheater after the later suggests the need to repair not only Farhads(Persian) lock but the door frame. Farhad goes to revenge against Daniel by shooting at his daughter Lara after the stor e was robbed and sprayed with racial graffiti. Hispanics are thus oppressed by society in the US as members of dangerous gangs. Persians including Farhad and Dorri are also stereotyped and racially discriminated(Lai Linda, 2013). According to the graffiti sprayed on their robbed store, the robbers assumed that they were Arabs and not Persians. At the gun store where Dorri and her father visit to purchase a gun, the owner calls Farrad Osama after an agreement on the cost of the gun and bullets. He orders Farrad to be taken out of the store and paints him as a terrorist. This shows the general social oppression of any Persian and/or Arab in the US by regarding them as potential terrorists (Lei Linda, 2013). African Americans are also oppressed by the whites through stereotypical treatment. Ethnicity binds different groups together and the general behavior practiced by a certain group is distinct from that of others. Hansen, a white cop had a history of killing three African Americans because of his stereotypical assumptions. He shoots Peter in his car after thinking that he was drawing his gun while in realit y he was getting the St. Christopher statue similar to that in Hansens car. The Black thought he had something in common with the white cop but instead was shocked to be shot at. This shows the reality of the assumption that Blacks are likely to be armed and dangerous gang members. Another group that has been oppressed according to the movie includes the Cambodians. Choi Jin Gui, a Korean man ran over by Anthony and Peter was a human trafficker. He had kidnapped a number of Cambodians and thus locked them up in the rare of his white van. It is terrifying that the Cambodians spent the night locked up in the car involved in an accident and this shows how oppressed they were. While Anthony sets them free later in Chinatown, it is clear that this group is racially targeted by human traffickers. Sociopolitical Colonial Analysis Racial discrimination of African Americans in the US started way back in the early and mid-20th century. Colonialism which involved and spread racial discrimination brought about the long-term sociopolitical problems upon the African Americans. The colonialists shipped the African slaves to work on farms in Puerto Rico, Dominican Islands and the Carribean Islands. The later discrimination of Blacks as an inferior race with majority being unemployed and unworthy to share institutions with the whites, reflects the current society also depicted in the movie Crash. Jean Cabots harassment and hate for non-natives such as Daniel and Maria shows the effects of racial discrimination. Latino Americans and Puerto Ricans who moved to the US had different ways of assimilating into the native society(Schaefer, 2008). According to history, Puerto Ricans had priority treatment from the government ad were the first ones to be accorded citizenship in the US. However, the rest of the minority groups r emained oppressed racially despite some of them fighting for the country in the two World Wars (James, 2010). This oppression led to adoption of for instance the Ebonics way of speaking among African Americans. In the movie Crash, a director wants to substitute an African American actor for not sounding frican American and using less rough language as expected. This reflects the perception of society on the behavior that only resulted from sociopolitical backgrounds. Gun control legislation which is a political factor that has impacted on the social behavior in the US can also be related to the colonial period. The US constitution since the 19th Century allowed individuals to own guns for lawful self defence n(Wintemute, 2013). Even so, minority groups in the early and mid 20th Century were not considered citizens but disenfranchised slaves. Later, after the abolishment of slave trade and a change in the constitution that demanded equal treatment for all and a demand to end of racial discrimination some unemployed African American and Latino American youths resorted to being gang members(Vittes et al, 2013). These gangs were so common and robbed mainly the white Americans. This is reflected in the movie where Peter and Anthony have no plans to carjack an African American; Cameron. Cameron understands that they wanted to carjack him but he does not report them to the police because they are Blacks like him. Farhad purchases a gun to use for defenc e against continued robbing at his store. It is the same gun he uses to shoot a black bullet at Daniel, a Hispanics daughter. Thus, as shown in Bishops (2015), socio political factors have played a huge role in shaping the current society in metropolitan cities like Los Angeles. In conclusion this review presents the sociopolitical beliefs and assumptions regarding different groups of people living in Los Angeles and by extension in the United States. The review presents different ways in which these beliefs affect the interaction of individuals in the society as presented by Haggis, the director of the movie Crash 2004. Apparently, the political and colonial impacts led to a type of behavior exhibited by some groups like African Americans. Even so, the movie shows that people need to crash into each other more so that the stereotypes, prejudice and racial discrimination come to an end. References Bishop, A. (2015). Becoming an Ally: Breaking the Cycle of Oppression in People,(second edition), Fernwood Publishing, Halifax. Child, Ben (12 August 2015). "Paul Haggis: Crash didn't deserve best picture Oscar". The Guardian. James, C. E. (2010). Seeing Ourselves: Exploring Race, Ethnicity and Culture, (fourth edition), Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Toronto. Kim, Isok (2014). "The Role of Critical Ethnic Awareness and Social Support in the discriminationdepression Relationship among Asian Americans: Path Analysis". Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. 20 (1): 5260. Lai, Lei; Babcock, Linda C. (2013). "Asian Americans and Workplace Discrimination: The Interplay between Sex of Evaluators and the Perception of Social Skills". Journal of Organizational Behavior. 34 (3): 31026. Schaefer, Richard T. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society. Sage. pp.898902. ISBN978-1-4129-2694-2. Sreenivasan, Hari (20 June 2015). "FBI: Blacks most often targeted in hate crimes". PBS. Turan, Kenneth (March 5, 2006). "Breaking no ground: Why 'Crash' won, why 'Brokeback' lost and how the Academy chose to play it safe". The Los Angeles Times. Vittes, K. A., Vernick, J. S., Webster, D. W. (2013). Legal status and source of offenders firearms in states with the least stringent criteria for gun ownership. Injury Prevention, 19(1), 2631. Wintemute, G. J. (2013). Frequency of and response to illegal activity related to commerce in firearms: Findings from the Firearms Licensee Survey. Injury Prevention. Advance online publication.